Quick Summary

Tribulus terrestris is a traditional medicinal herb used for various health purposes including sexual health, fertility, and skin disorders. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited and mixed, particularly regarding its effects on erectile dysfunction and testosterone levels. Preclinical studies and traditional uses suggest potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties in skin diseases. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to establish its effectiveness and safety.

What is it?

Tribulus terrestris is a flowering plant commonly used in traditional medicine systems across the world. It is often marketed as a supplement aimed at improving sexual health and fertility, as well as supporting skin health. The plant contains multiple bioactive compounds thought to contribute to its purported effects.

Traditional Uses

  • Support for sexual health and enhancement of libido in men and women
  • Improvement of male fertility parameters
  • Treatment of various skin disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo

Active Compounds

Tribulus terrestris contains several bioactive metabolites including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides, which may underlie its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects observed in preclinical studies.

Potential Benefits with Evidence Levels

Erectile Dysfunction

Evidence level: Limited clinical evidence

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest Tribulus supplementation may improve erectile function scores (such as IIEF scores) compared to placebo. However, effects on serum testosterone levels appear not significant. Some studies report low-quality evidence and only small clinical improvements in testosterone among men with low levels.

Female Sexual Dysfunction

Evidence level: Limited clinical evidence

Preliminary evidence including systematic reviews indicates that Tribulus terrestris may improve overall female sexual function, particularly sexual arousal, desire, and orgasm compared to placebo. These findings are promising but require further confirmation.

Male Fertility

Evidence level: Insufficient to moderate evidence

Some studies involving polyherbal formulations containing Tribulus have demonstrated improvements in sperm count, motility, and testosterone levels. However, evidence specific to Tribulus alone is limited and further research is necessary to isolate its effects.

Skin Diseases

Evidence level: Preclinical and traditional use

Tribulus terrestris has bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. These suggest potential for treating skin conditions like atopic dermatitis, acne, and vitiligo. However, human clinical evidence is lacking and more trials are needed.

Side Effects

Tribulus terrestris is generally well tolerated in clinical studies with no significant adverse events reported. However, long-term safety data are limited. Variability in the quality of herbal products, including potential contamination or adulteration, may pose additional risks.

Drug Interactions

There is insufficient clinical evidence to confirm definitive drug interactions with Tribulus. Caution is advised when combining Tribulus supplements with medications affecting sexual function or hormone levels, though no significant interactions have been documented.

Who Should Avoid It

Due to limited data, specific contraindications for Tribulus terrestris are not well established. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended because of inadequate safety information. Individuals considering Tribulus supplementation should consult healthcare professionals, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or on hormone-related medications.

Evidence Limitations

Current clinical evidence on Tribulus terrestris is limited by small sample sizes, short study durations, variable methods, and low quality of trials. Many suggested benefits stem from preclinical studies or traditional use without robust clinical validation. Standardization of herbal extracts and dosages is lacking, and long-term safety remains unclear.

References

Last Reviewed

April 2024

Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your healthcare provider before using Tribulus terrestris, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.