Quick summary

Pterostilbene is a polyphenolic antioxidant compound that is chemically related to resveratrol. It is a subject of ongoing research for various potential health effects, although human clinical evidence remains limited at this time.

What is it?

Pterostilbene is a natural antioxidant compound classified within the polyphenol family. It is structurally similar to resveratrol and occurs naturally in small amounts in certain plants such as specific berries, grapes, and the Indian Kino tree (Pterocarpus marsupium).

How it may work in the body

Pterostilbene is proposed to exert its effects primarily through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These may include:

  • Reducing oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and modulating cellular redox status
  • Influencing inflammatory signaling pathways to potentially decrease inflammation
  • Modulating gene expression related to maintaining redox balance within cells

It is important to note that these mechanistic insights come mostly from in vitro (test tube) and animal studies. Human clinical evidence elucidating these mechanisms remains insufficient.

Common supplement forms

Pterostilbene supplements are generally available in the following oral forms:

  • Capsules
  • Powder formulations

Typical dosage and how it is used

Currently, no official recommended daily intake (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) levels have been established for pterostilbene. Human clinical trials have used varied dosages, but there is no definitive consensus on an optimal or safe dose.

Given the lack of established dosing guidelines and limited safety data, caution is advised for individuals considering pterostilbene supplementation.

Natural sources

Pterostilbene occurs naturally in:

  • Certain types of berries
  • Grapes
  • Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino tree)

Absorption and bioavailability

Pterostilbene is thought to have a higher bioavailability compared to its analog resveratrol. However, precise data on its absorption and bioavailability in humans are limited. There is insufficient evidence currently to draw definitive conclusions about how different formulations or factors enhance or inhibit its uptake.

Potential benefits: what does the evidence say?

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support

Preliminary human clinical studies suggest that pterostilbene may influence markers associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, this evidence is limited, featuring small sample sizes and mostly indirect measures of effect. Overall, clinical data are not yet sufficient to confirm or refute potential health benefits in these areas.

Note: There are no EU-authorized health claims for pterostilbene based on the supplied evidence.

Side effects and safety

At present, information on common side effects related to pterostilbene supplementation is lacking due to limited clinical data. No specific contraindications are identified, but this does not imply that none exist.

Toxicity and long-term safety data in humans are insufficient to draw firm conclusions. Additionally, commercial supplements may vary in quality due to lack of standardized formulations and quality control.

Therefore, careful consideration should be taken before using pterostilbene supplements, especially since safety in special populations has not been established.

Drug and supplement interactions

There are currently no well-documented interactions between pterostilbene and drugs or other supplements. However, the absence of data does not guarantee lack of interactions, and caution is advised.

Who should be careful?

Due to the limited safety data available:

  • Individuals with underlying medical conditions
  • People taking medications
  • Those planning to undergo surgery
  • Anyone with concerns about supplement use

should consult a healthcare professional before starting pterostilbene supplementation.

Pregnancy, breastfeeding and special populations

Safety of pterostilbene during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established due to insufficient evidence. Similarly, data in children, the elderly, and other special populations are lacking.

Use by these populations should only occur under medical supervision.

Quality, standardization and what to look for

Quality control and standardization of pterostilbene supplements can vary considerably among manufacturers. Consumers interested in pterostilbene supplements should look for products from reputable brands that provide transparent third-party testing or certification to ensure potency and purity.

Frequently asked questions

  • Is pterostilbene better than resveratrol? Pterostilbene is thought to have higher bioavailability than resveratrol, but human data comparing their effects and benefits are limited.
  • Are there official dosage recommendations? No, there are currently no official recommended dosages for pterostilbene.
  • Can pterostilbene prevent or treat diseases? There is no conclusive clinical evidence supporting disease prevention or treatment claims for pterostilbene.
  • Is it safe to take during pregnancy? Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established; consultation with a healthcare professional is advised.
  • Where can I find natural sources of pterostilbene? It is found in small amounts in certain berries, grapes, and the Indian Kino tree.

Evidence limitations

  • Human clinical trial data are insufficient and mostly preliminary
  • Much of the evidence derives from animal or in vitro (laboratory) mechanistic studies
  • Lack of standardized dosing and supplement formulations complicates evaluation
  • Long-term safety, tolerability, and interaction studies are absent

References

Last reviewed

June 2024

Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Pterostilbene supplements should not be used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any disease. Individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a medical condition, take medications, or intend to undergo surgery should consult a healthcare professional before use.