Quick summary

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Andean region of South America. Its root and syrup contain inulin-type fructans and phenolic compounds and are considered functional foods. Clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest potential benefits related to weight control and constipation relief, with some evidence of improved metabolic parameters such as glycemic control and lipid profiles in specific subgroups, although overall results are mixed and sometimes inconclusive. The herb is also studied for effects on gut microbiota and insulin sensitivity. Currently, research is ongoing, and higher-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.

What is it

Yacon is a plant scientifically known as Smallanthus sonchifolius, native to the Andean region in South America. It produces tuberous roots that are commonly consumed fresh or processed into syrup. Yacon roots and syrup are rich in inulin-type fructans, which are prebiotic fibers, as well as various phenolic compounds. These constituents contribute to its classification as a functional food believed to influence metabolism and digestive health.

Traditional uses

Traditionally, yacon has been consumed by indigenous populations in the Andes for its sweet taste and nutritional properties. It has been used as a dietary food to support digestive health and as a natural sweetener alternative. Its potential to aid bowel function and promote general well-being has been recognized in traditional medicine.

Active compounds

  • Inulin-type fructans (prebiotic fibers)
  • Polyphenols
  • Flavonoids
  • Phenolic acids

Potential benefits with evidence levels

  • Weight reduction (Human clinical evidence): Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials indicate yacon consumption may be associated with decreased body weight and BMI, especially in adults over 40 years old, women, and with intake exceeding 8 weeks. Effects on waist circumference and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein remain unclear.
  • Constipation relief and improved bowel function (Human clinical evidence): Clinical trial meta-analyses have found that yacon root intake can significantly lower stool pH, soften stool consistency, facilitate defecation, and improve dietary fiber patterns.
  • Improvement in glycemic control and lipid profiles (Limited human clinical evidence): Systematic reviews report no consistent significant effects overall on fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, or lipid markers such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Some subgroup analyses suggest potential reductions in fasting blood sugar and LDL cholesterol with prolonged intake (>8 weeks) especially in women and individuals older than 40 years.
  • Improved insulin sensitivity and gut health (Limited human clinical evidence): Yacon syrup supplementation in some studies has been associated with reductions in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, increased satiety, modulation of gut microbiota, and improved intestinal transit times, mainly observed in longer-duration studies.
  • Potential hypoglycemic effects (Preclinical and limited clinical evidence): Some preclinical and exploratory reviews suggest that bioactive compounds in yacon may exhibit hypoglycemic activity. However, high-quality human trials confirming these effects are lacking.

Side effects

Yacon is generally considered safe based on available clinical trials. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or loose stools have occasionally been reported, especially at the beginning of supplementation. These adverse effects often decrease with continued use. No serious adverse events have been documented to date.

Drug interactions

No specific clinical evidence or reports have demonstrated drug interactions with yacon. However, caution is recommended when yacon is used alongside medications for diabetes or other metabolic disorders, as additive effects on blood sugar regulation could occur.

Who should avoid it

There are no explicit contraindications reported in current clinical literature. Nonetheless, due to limited safety data, especially for special populations, caution is advised. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid or only use yacon under medical supervision, as safety data for these groups are not available.

Evidence limitations

Current clinical evidence on yacon has limitations including small sample sizes, short study durations, and variable research methodologies. Results on some metabolic outcomes remain inconsistent. There is a need for larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials to better define yacon’s efficacy, optimal dosing, long-term safety, and effects in different populations. Standardization of preparations and formulations is also necessary to improve comparability of future studies.

References

Last reviewed

June 2024

Informational disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Yacon and its supplements have not been approved by regulatory agencies for treatment or prevention of any medical condition. Please consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.